WiFi Pineapple - 6th Gen: NANO / TETRA
  • WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA
  • Getting Started
    • About the WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA
    • The WiFi Auditing Workflow
    • The PineAP Suite
    • The Web Interface
    • Upgrading the Firmware
  • Setup
    • Setup Basics
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO - Linux Setup
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO - Windows Setup
    • WiFi Pineapple TETRA - Linux Setup
  • Internet Connectivity
    • Internet Connectivity Basics
    • Internet Connection Sharing on Kali Linux
    • Internet Connection Sharing over Ethernet in Windows
    • Internet Connection Sharing over Ethernet in Linux
    • Wired Internet Connection
    • WiFi Client Mode
  • Console Access
    • Console Access Basics
    • Secure Shell
    • Serial Access - WiFi Pineapple TETRA
    • Working with PineAP from the CLI
  • Basics of WiFi Operation
    • Basics of WiFi Operation
    • Radios and Chipsets
    • Stations and Base Stations
    • Transmit Power
    • Channels and Regions
    • Protocols
    • Modes of Operation
    • Logical Configurations
    • MAC Address
    • Broadcast Address
    • Service Sets and Identifiers
    • Management Frames
    • Frame Types
    • Frames and Frame Structure
    • Frame Injection
    • Association States
  • FAQ / Troubleshooting
    • Serial Console on the WiFi Pineapple TETRA
    • Ethernet on the WiFi Pineapple TETRA
    • LED Status Indicators
    • Power Considerations
    • Factory Reset
    • Firmware Recovery
    • Manual Firmware Installation
  • Development
    • Legacy WiFi Pineapple Mark V Modules (Infusions)
    • Specifications and Power Considerations
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA Module API - Introduction
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA Module API - Authentication
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA Module API - Modules
    • WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA Module API - module.php API
    • Creating WiFi Pineapple NANO/TETRA Modules
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  1. Basics of WiFi Operation

Association States

With an understanding of management frames, we can explore the states of association. In this example we’re looking at the steps necessary for a connection between a client and an open access point.

In the Unauthenticated and Unassociated state, the client seeks the access point. This is either done passively by listening to the broadcast address for beacon frames transmitted by the access point, or actively by transmitting a probe request.

Once the client has received either a probe response or beacon frame from the access point, it can determine its operating parameters (channel, protocol, data rate, modulation details, etc). The client will then send the access point an authentication frame requesting access. In the case of an open network, the access point will send the client back an authentication frame responding with a success message.

Now the client is Authenticated and Unassociated. Next the client will send the access point an association request. The access point will reply with an association response.

If successful, the client will now be Authenticated and Associated. At this point any additional security, such as WPA2, may be negotiated. Otherwise in the case of an open network, the usual first network interactions will occur. These are the same as in wired networks, and typically begin with obtaining IP address information from a DHCP server on the host network.

In the case of the WiFi Pineapple, the client network is open and the DHCP server will assign new clients with addresses in the 172.16.42.0/24 range

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Last updated 3 years ago